Physicians and surgeons diagnose illnesses and prescribe and provide treatment for people suffering injury or illness. Physicians examine patients, obtain medical histories, and order, implement, and interpret diagnostic tests. They counsel patients on diet, hygiene, and health.Types of physicians: MD (Medical Doctor) and DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine). M.D.s also known as allopathic physicians. While both MDs and DOS can use all accepted methods of treatment, including drugs and surgery, DOS places a special emphasis on the body's musculoskeletal system, preventive medicine, and holistic patient care.
DOS is most likely to become primary care specialists although they can be found in all specialties. About half of the usual DOS practice or family medicine, general internal medicine or pediatrics work in one or more of several specialties, including, but not limited to, anesthesiology, family and general medicine, general internal medicine, general pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and anesthesia .Focus on patient care and surgical pain. As with other physicians, they evaluate and treat patients and direct the efforts of their staff. Through continuous monitoring and assessment, critical care specialists are responsible for maintaining the patient's vital life functions-heart, body temperature, blood pressure, breathing-during surgery. They also work outside the operating room, providing pain relief in the intensive care unit, during labor, and for those who suffer from chronic pain. Anesthesiologists confer with other physicians and surgeons about appropriate treatments and procedures before, during, and after operasi.General practitioners often provide the first point of contact for people looking for health, by acting as a traditional family doctor. They assess and treat a wide range of conditions, from sinus and respiratory infections to broken bones. Family and general practitioners typically have a regular basis, long-term patients.
Doctors refer patients with more serious conditions to specialists or other health care facilities to care more general intensif.Internis diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of issues that affect internal organ systems, such as stomach, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Internist using a variety of diagnostic techniques to treat patients through medication or hospitalization. Such as general practitioners, general internists commonly act as primary care specialists. They treat patients referred from other specialists and, in turn, they refer patients to other specialists when more complex care.Docter general pediatric health care for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. They specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases for young people and the growth path for adult patients. Like most physicians, pediatricians work with different healthcare workers, like nurses and other clinicians, to assess and treat children with various diseases.
Most of the work of pediatricians involves treating day-to-day illnesses-minor injuries, infectious diseases, and immunizations-that are common to children, just as a general practitioner treats adults. Some pediatricians specialize in pediatric conditions or serious medical operations, such as autoimmune disorders or chronic illnesses serius.gynecologist (OB / GYNs) specialize in women's health. They are responsible for general medical care of women, and they also provide care related to pregnancy and reproductive systems. Such as general practitioners, OB / GYNs attempt to prevent, diagnose, and treat common health problems, but they focus on specific diseases with female anatomy, such as breast or cervical cancer, urinary tract and pelvic disorders, and hormonal disorders. OB / GYNs also specialize in childbirth, including care and counseling women throughout their pregnancy, from giving prenatal diagnoses to assisting with delivery and providing.Psikiater care is a major mental healthcaregivers. They assess and treat mental illnesses through a combination of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, hospitalization, and treatment. Psychotherapy involves regular discussions with patients about their problems; psychiatrist helps them find solutions through changes in their behavior patterns, the exploration of their past experiences, or group and family therapy sessions.
Psychoanalysis involves long-term psychotherapy and counseling for patients. In many cases, drugs are administered to correct chemical imbalances that cause problems emosional.surgical specialists in the treatment of injuries, illnesses deformity, and through the operation. Using a variety of instruments, and with the patient under anesthesia, the surgeon corrects physical deformities, repairs bone and tissue after injuries, or perform preventive surgery on patients with debilitating diseases or disorders. Although a large number perform general surgery, many surgeons choose to specialize in certain fields. One of the most common specialties is orthopedic surgery: the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. Others include neurological surgery (treatment of brain and nervous system), cardiac surgery, otolaryngology (treatment, ear nose throat, and), and plastic surgery or reconstruction. As with other physicians, surgeons also examine patients, perform and interpret diagnostic tests, and counsel patients about the health of other preventif.Docter and surgeons working in a number of other medical and surgical specialists, including allergists, cardiologists, dermatologists, emergency physicians, gastroenterologists, ophthalmologists, pathologists, and experts radiologi.doctor-especially general practitioners and family, general internists, pediatricians, OB / GYNs, and psychiatrists-work in small private offices or clinics, often assisted by a small staff of nurses and other administrative personnel. Increasingly, physicians practicing in groups or healthcare organizations that provide backup coverage and allow for more time off. Physicians in group practices or health organizations often work as part of a team that coordinates care for some patients, they are less independent than solo practitioners of the past. Surgeons and anesthesiologists usually work in and a light, sterile environments while performing surgery and often stand for long. Most work in hospitals or outpatient centers bedah.
Physicians and surgeons work long, irregular hours. In 2008, 43 percent of all physicians and surgeons worked 50 hours or more a week. Nine percent of all physicians and surgeons worked part-time. Physicians and surgeons travel between office and hospital to care for their patients. During the call, the doctor will deal with the concerns of many patients' over the phone and make emergency visits to hospitals or nursing jompo.formal training and training requirements for physicians are the most demanding of any job-4-year undergraduate school, 4 years of school medicine, and 3 to 8 years of internship and residency, depending on the specialty chosen. A few medical schools offer combined undergraduate and medical school programs that last 6 or 7 years instead of 8 years .Premedical students must complete undergraduate work in physics, biology, mathematics, English, and inorganic and organic chemistry. Students also take courses in humanities and social sciences.
Some students volunteer at local hospitals or clinics to gain practical experience in the profession.education for entry into medical school is 3 years of college; most applicants, however, have a minimum bachelor's degree, and many have advanced degrees. In 2008, there were 129 medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). LCME is the national accrediting body for medical education programs MD. The American Association accredited schools that award degrees DO Osteopathic; there are 25 accredited schools in 31 locations in 2008.into medical school is very competitive. Most applicants must submit transcripts, scores from the Medical College Admission Test, and letters of recommendation. Schools also consider the applicant's character, personality, leadership qualities, participation in extracurricular activities. Most schools require an interview with members of the committee .spent most of the first 2 years of medical school in laboratories and classrooms, taking courses such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, psychology, microbiology, pathology, medical ethics, and law regulate drugs.
They also learn to take medical histories, examine patients, and diagnose illnesses. During their last 2 years, students work with patients under the supervision of experienced physicians in hospitals and clinics, learning acute care, chronic, preventive, and rehabilitative. Through rotations in internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery, they gain experience in the diagnosis and treatment.medical school, almost all MDs enter a residency-graduate medical education in particular in the form of paid on-the- job training, usually in the hospital. Most DO serve a 12-month rotating internship after graduation and before entering a residency, which may last 2 to 6 year.A doctor is expensive. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, in 2007 85 percent of medical school graduates and 86 percent of the private medical school graduates were in debt for the cost .Needed (license) to practice medicine as a physician, all States, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories require a license. All physicians and surgeons practicing in the United States had to pass United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). To be eligible to take the USMLE as a whole, physicians must graduate from an accredited medical school. Although physicians licensed in one State usually can get a license to practice in another without further examination, some States limit reciprocity. Graduates of foreign medical schools generally can qualify for a license after passing the examination and completing the U.S. residency. For specific information about licensing in a particular State, contact the medical board and DOS negara.Orthopaedi seeking board certification in a specialty may spend up to 7 years in residency training, depending on specialty.
A final examination immediately after residency or after 1 or 2 years of training is also required for certification by a board member of the American Board of Medical Specialists (ABMS) or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). ABM is 24 boards related to medical specialties ranging from allergy and immunology to urology. AOA has approved 18 specialty boards, ranging from anesthesiology surgery. For certification in a subspecialty, physicians usually need another 1 to 2 years residensi.as required (other qualifications) People who want to become physicians must have a desire to serve patients, be self-motivated, and able to withstand the pressures and long hours of medical education and practice. Physicians also must have a good bedside manner, emotional stability, and ability to make decisions in emergencies. Prospective physicians must be willing to learn throughout their career to keep up with advances medis.to Improve (Progress) Some physicians and surgeons advance by gaining expertise in specialties and subspecialties and by developing a reputation for excellence among their peers and patients. Physicians and surgeons can also start their own practice or join a group practice. Others teach residents and other new doctors, and some advance to supervisory and managerial roles in hospitals, clinics, and setting lainnya.surgeons held about 661,400 jobs in 2008, about 12 percent are self-employed. Approximately 53 percent of wage and salary-physicians and surgeons working in doctors' offices, and 19 percent used by the hospital. Others practiced in Federal, State, and local, education services, and ambulatory care centers.2007 report of the American Medical Association (AMA), 32 percent of physicians in patient care in primary care, but not in a subspecialty primer.much care physician partner or employee salaries, wages and group practices. Regulated as a clinic or a physician associations, medical groups can more easily afford expensive medical equipment, staff sharing support, and benefits from business profits .AMA, New England and Middle Atlantic United States has the highest ratio of physicians to population; South Central and Mountain States have the lowest. Doctors tend to look for in urban areas, near hospitals and educational centers. AMA data show that in 2007, about 75 percent of physicians in patient care in the metropolitan area while the remaining 25 percent are in the area Job OutlookPekerjaan expected to grow faster than average for all occupations. Job opportunities should be excellent, especially in rural areas and earn.
Physicians and surgeons is projected to grow 22 percent from 2008 to 2018, much faster than average for all occupations. Employment growth will occur due to the continued expansion of health-related industries. Growth and aging population will drive overall growth in the demand for physician services, as consumers continue to demand high levels of care using the latest technologies, diagnostic tests and therapies. Many medical schools increase their enrollment by new demand for .perceived demand for physicians and surgeons, several factors will dampen growth. For example, new technology allows doctors to become more productive. This means doctors can diagnose and treat more patients in the same amount of time. Rising health care costs can dramatically affect demand for physician services'. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners, who can perform many routine tasks of a doctor at a fraction of the cost, can be increasingly used. In addition, the demand for physician services' are very sensitive to changes in healthcare reimbursement policies.
If changes in the health coverage higher out-of-pocket costs for consumers, they may demand more sedikit.physician services for individuals interested in becoming physicians and surgeons are expected to be very good. In addition to job openings from employment growth, openings will result from the need to replace the relatively high number of physicians and surgeons are expected to retire over the decade 2008-18.should work very well for doctors willing to practice in rural and low income due to medically underserved areas often have difficulty in attracting these workers. Job prospects will also be very good for physicians in specialties that afflicts the elderly population is growing rapidly. Examples of these specialties of cardiology and radiology because of the risk for heart disease and cancer increased as age.
Physicians and surgeons are among the highest of any occupation. According to the Medical Group Management Association Physician Compensation and Production Survey, the average total compensation for physicians vary according to their type of practice. In 2008, the practice of primary care physicians have a total annual compensation an average of $ 186,044, and physicians practicing in medical specialties annual compensation earned by an average of $ 339.738.physicians-those who have or are part owners of their medical practice-generally have average incomes higher than the salary of a doctor. Earnings vary according to the number of years in practice, geographic region, hours worked, skills, personality, and professional reputation. Self-employed physicians and surgeons must provide their own health insurance and pensions.
